Statistics on Child Sexual Abuse

Child sexual abuse is such a devastating crime because its victims are those least able to protect themselves or speak out, while those who perpetrate it are most likely to be repeat offenders. Many pedophiles follow career paths—including the clergy, athletic coaches, and counselors of troubled youth—that provide them with a steady stream of underage victims, while simultaneously and ironically, earning them the trust of other adults. The following facts and statistics, drawn from the National Center for Victims of Crime Child Sexual Abuse fact sheet, reveals the scope of child sexual abuse in the United States and its devastating long-term impact on a childs life. Underreporting Perhaps the most troublesome aspect regarding child sexual abuse is that its a significantly under-reported crime thats difficult to prove or prosecute. Most perpetrators of child molestation, incest, and child rape are rarely identified or brought to justice. According to the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), almost 80,000 cases of child sexual abuse reported each year fall far short of the actual number. Abuse frequently goes unreported because child victims are afraid to tell anyone what happened and the legal procedure for validating an episode is difficult. Child Sex Abuse Percentages by Gender and Age Children are most vulnerable to sexual abuse between the ages of 7 and 13. In the May 1997 issue of Pediatric Annual, Dr. Ann Botash estimated that 25% of girls and 16% of boys experience sexual abuse before they turn 18. Statistics for boys may be falsely low because of reporting techniques. 67% were under age 1834% were under age 1214% were under age 6 Offenders are Often People Children Know and Trust Bureau of Justice Statistics from 2000 revealed that all victims of sexual assault reported to law enforcement agencies, of offenders who victimized children under age 6, 40% were under age 18. 96% were known to their victims50% were acquaintances or friends20% were fathers16% were relatives4% were strangers How Poor Parenting Affects Child Sex Abuse Sociologist and researcher Dr. David Finkelhor, who specializes in child sexual abuse and related topics, notes that its often a parents connection (or lack thereof) to his/her child puts that child at greater risk of being sexually abused. Despite what children are taught about stranger danger, most child victims are abused by someone they know and trust. When the abuser is not a family member, the victim is more often a boy than a girl. The results of a three-state study of reported rape survivors under age 12 revealed the following about offenders: Parental inadequacyParental unavailabilityParent-child conflictA poor parent-child relationship Psychological Ramifications of Early Sex Abuse AACAP findings indicate that a child of five or older who knows and cares for the abuser becomes trapped between affection or loyalty for the person and the sense that the sexual activities are terribly wrong. If the child tries to break away from the sexual relationship, the abuser may threaten the child with violence or loss of love. When sexual abuse occurs within the family, the child may fear the anger, jealousy or shame of other family members, or be afraid the family will break up if the secret is told. How Perpetrators Influence or Intimidate Their Victims Child sexual abuse involves coercion and occasionally violence. Perpetrators offer attention and gifts, manipulate or threaten the child, behave aggressively or use a combination of these tactics. In one study of child victims, half were subjected to a physical force such as being held down, struck, or violently shaken. The Impact of Incest Girls are the victims of incest and/or intrafamily sexual abuse much more frequently than boys. Between 33-50% of perpetrators who sexually abuse girls are family members, while only 10-20% of those who sexually abuse boys are intrafamily perpetrators. Intrafamily abuse continues over a longer period of time than sexual abuse outside the family, and some forms—such as parent-child abuse—have more serious and lasting consequences. Recognizing Signs of Child Sex Abuse Behavioral changes are often the first signs of sexual abuse. These can include nervous or aggressive behavior toward adults, early and age-inappropriate sexual provocativeness, alcohol consumption and the use of other drugs. Boys are more likely than girls to act out or behave in aggressive and antisocial ways. Chronic depressionLow self-esteemSexual dysfunctionMultiple personalitiesDissociative responses and other signs of post-traumatic stress syndromeChronic states of arousalNightmaresFlashbacksVenereal diseaseAnxiety over sexFear of exposing the body during medical exams When Kids Abuse Kids According to research commissioned by the Justice Department from the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire, more than one-third of all sex crimes against juveniles are perpetrated by other juveniles. Juvenile offenders make up 36% of sex offenders who victimize minors.Seven out of eight of these offenders are at least 12 years old93% are male. Steps Parents Can Take to Stop Child Sex Abuse Keeping open lines of communication with kids is crucial in order to prevent or curtail child sexual abuse. Children must understand that sexual abuse is never the victims fault. First, children should be taught what behavior is appropriate affection—and what is not. Next, children must be made to understand that if someone—even someone they know, including a family member—is behaving toward them in an inappropriate manner, they should tell their parents immediately. The AACAP says that while children should be taught to respect adults, that does not mean adhering to blind obedience to adults and to authority. For example, telling children to always do everything the teacher or babysitter tells you to do is not good advice. Children should be taught to trust their instincts. If someone tries to touch your body and do things that make you feel funny, say NO to that person and tell me right away. Sources Medline Plus: Child Sexual Abuse.  U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.  Child Sexual Abuse Statistics. National Center for Victims of Crime. Finkelhor, Davidï » ¿; Shattuck, Anne; Turner, Heather A.; Hamby, Sherry L. The Lifetime Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse and Sexual Assault Assessed in Late Adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health—55. pp. 329, 329-333. 2014Koch, Wendy. Study: Many Sex Offenders are Kids Themselves. USA Today. January 4, 2009.Sex Abuse. , No. 9. American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry. November 2014.Facts for Familys GuideFinkelhor, David. Current Information on the Scope and Nature of Child Sexual Abuse. The Future of Children. 1994Becker, Judith. Offenders: Characteristics and Treatment. The Future of Children. 1994

Should Open Lunches Be Banned - 1023 Words

Throughout high school, I had always thought my experience would’ve been more enjoyable if I had the choice of open lunch. Every day I had despised walking to the lunch room knowing I would be served a food that I disliked. Now what If we were all able to pick the food of our choice? I think Wood County Schools should allow students to have off campus lunches, therefore the students could leave the campus to get the food of their choice. In this case, students can choose their lunch without having the fear of what type of â€Å"mystery meat† will be served every day at 12:15 in the lunchroom. Students will be able to leave campus and go wherever they choose. Many schools are against this because it poses a danger to students. The reason open†¦show more content†¦In particularly seniors in high school. The next year they will be graduated and living on their own, they should surely have the opportunity to leave a high school campus to eat lunch. Open lunches give students an opportunity to get away from the daily stress of school. With a chance to leave campus, it gives the student a break from all that is going on at school that day. It is also a way to relax and just get away from the rest of your peers. Instead of being cooped up in a lunch room with hundreds of people, you can go elsewhere to eat with a couple friends. If you’re having a bad day, open lunch gives you the opportunity to get away and take a breather. Also a good side about open lunch is, you don’t have to wait in line behind hundreds of other people. There is a slim chance of having to wait in front of that sum of people at your local Taco Bell. A reason why many school districts disagree with open lunches is because it gives the students an opportunity to get into mischief. With the students not supervised by teachers or adult supervision, it gives them the opportunity to do whatever they wanted. In this case students have the chance to do drugs, speed in their cars, and do other unlawfully activities. Also, it gives the student an opportunity to leave school and not come back. I can imagine many students just going home after they had finished their morning classes. Not all students will take full advantage of the privilege to go where they wouldShow MoreRelatedJunk Food Should Be Banned835 Words   |  4 PagesJunk food is currently banned from school to help decrease obesity, but it may turn out that it is doing more harm than good. Junk food is a favorite amongst students and the ban on it has affected students as well as the schools themselves. The ban on junk food should be repealed, mainly because students will get junk food on their own, but the schools are also suffering from this ban, and finally, studies show that junk food is not the only cause of obesity. The first reason why we need to takeRead MoreThe National Lunch Act And Its Subsequent Revisions1877 Words   |  8 Pagesthe goods would be used for school lunches, would not be sold or exchanged, and that the children who received the lunches would not be separated from other children or discriminated against because they were eating free food. Purchased surplus food stock helped the farmers. It also helped those individuals who worked in the food industry. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) used federal dollars to hire kitchen help and clerical help. By 1941, WPA lunches were served in every state, the DistrictRead MoreEST1 310.2.3-08 Essays2136 Words   |  9 Pageshave the written procedures, standard policies, and general rules of behavior to serve as the ground work for a great relationship. This Handbook will explain what is expected of each employee and what will be expected of you. Code of Conduct You should always be respectful, gracious, courtesy, and business professional in dealing with our clients and customers as part of our service. These same outlooks are expected in all business contacts, whether individuals encountered in the course of businessRead MoreThe Big Problem With Obesity2022 Words   |  9 PagesOrganic foods are for the human body, but also expensive in the United States. Many people can’t afford to purchase organic food, so they find the quickest and easiest solution which is fast food and microwaveable dinners. A person might ask, why should people care about the obese people and their lifestyle? Obesity is filled with statistics of death and disease. 18% of American deaths from 1986 to 2006 are caused by obese symptoms to adults between the ages of 40 and 75 (Masters, Reither, PowersRead MoreWaste management in the Philippines Essay2737 Words   |  11 PagesPhilippines is looming with garbage problems despite the passage of the Ecological Sol id Waste Management Act or the Republic Act (RA) 9003. In 2007, the first quarter data from the National Solid Waste Management Commission shows that there are 677 open dumpsites, 343 controlled dumps, and 21 landfills in the country. An additional 307 dump sites are subject for closure or rehabilitation plans but without definite schedules for enforcement. About 215 additional landfills are being proposed to be setRead MoreThe Pillars Of Leadership‎ Essay3064 Words   |  13 Pagesleaders do not necessarily possess any more of these positive traits than anyone else. Effective leaders do, however, develop and practice certain behavioral skills that contribute to their success. Rather than relying on personality traits, leaders should work to develop their relationships with followers, peers and other leaders. Effective leaders show intelligence, good judgment, honesty and integrity, responsibility, stability, initiative, persistence, accountability, insight, maturity, dependabilityRead MoreFast Food Restaurants, Childhood Obesity , and Healthy Eating Habits3327 Words   |  13 Pagesof widespread obesity. Because of this assumption many law making bodies have moved to introduce legislation designed to discourage the consumption of fast foods. Jennifer Medina reports in The New York Times that the Los Angeles City Council has banned the establishment of new fast food restaurants in South Los Angeles. Officials claim the new regulation is part of a public health effort designed to encourage healthier eating options. The City Council first enacted a one-year moratorium in 2008Read More25 Case Studies with Reaction Paper15531 Words   |  63 Pagesguaranteeing that certain areas of the building be smoke free, but it wasn’t prepared to ban smoking altogether. Not only do smokers have rights, Renford said, it would hurt productivity and morale to make employees leave the building to smoke. â€Å"They should quit smoking†, Darlene rejoined. â€Å"It would be for their own good.† â€Å"Maybe, it would,† said Charles, â€Å"but the company shouldn’t force t hem to quit. Besides, it is easy for you, who have never smoked, to talk about quitting. I know, I used to smokeRead MoreDesign Management for American Apparel7025 Words   |  29 Pages Incubation is a period after the inventor has been working on a certain problem for quite some time and is now not giving it much conscious attention i.e. the problem and its solution have been put to one side. During this time, according to Roy (Open University, 2004, p. 34), `the relaxed brain is repatterning information absorbed during the period of preparation often after receiving a new piece of information that is perceived as relevant . What Roy means about repatterning the brain is thatRead MoreCorporate Communications - the Case of the Walt Disney Company13529 Words   |  55 Pagesare provided for improving the companys response to crises: 1. Disney requires greater contingency planning to ensure the required consistency of message is delivered in similar crisis situations. 2. When preparing for media statements, the company should not blame the media outlet producing the potentially damaging material as it may damage relations with the media who we have identified in the earlier salience model as a dangerous stakeholder 3. Adoption of a no-comment‟ policy to ensure that

Strategic Management Capstone Ethical and Social Considerations

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management Capstone. Answer: Introduction Dairy industry of Australia is one of the biggest in the world that contributes lot to the global dairy business. Australian dairy industry is dedicated to provide quality with competitive pricing to enhance the competitive advantage. Bulla dairy is one of the major players in the Australian dairy industry, which is quite capable to influence the overall dairy market. Australian Dairy market has lot of domestic and international players who are operating in a profitable manner. The dairy market includes lot of products like milk and milk associated products that are dependent directly on the milk production. Ice cream, cheese, yoghurt like products are therefore influenced by the production of milk, which regulates the pricing and quality (David David, 2016). The report is focused on the several strategic aspects of the organization that is important for the business. Several strategic issues are identified within the organization that hinder the growth of the organization and need to solve in an urgent basis. While identifying the strategic issues of the organization the report also focus on the strength and limitations of the organization. This report focuses on building awareness of about ethical and social considerations to become more relevant in the global context. To understand the above aspects of the organization this report has emphasized on several theories, concepts and models like value chain analysis, PESTLE analysis, SWOT analysis, VIRO analysis and Porters five force model that will help to diagnose the actual problem and find out solutions for them. Analyzing the organizational issues and several theories suitable recommendations are provided to improve the current performance of the organization. Background of the Organization Bulla dairy is one of those companies that are 100% owned by the Australian families by last 100 years. The company is operating their business in the dairy segment that includes manufacturing of ice cream, cottage cheese, yogurt, sour cream, table cream and imitation cream under various brands that are marketed in the global market. The business of Bulla Dairy was established in the year of 1910 that successively became a partnership business among three Australian families. Bulla Dairy acquired two companies Colac Ice Works and Regal Cream in 1930 and emphasized to expand their business in the global market. The company has greater acceptance in the Australian market however; they are not able to get success in the global market and expand their business ("Bulla, made with care and shared with love | Bulla Dairy Foods", 2016). The business objective of the company is to provide quality product to their customer that also concern about the health and wellbeing. Apart from that, the company is supporting the dairy farmers so that they provide better raw materials to the organization that will ultimately help to produce quality product for the customers. Apart from manufacturing of dairy products, the company also markets their product directly in the market and through wholesaler and franchise business. The unique marketing strategy of the company is associated with emotion of the 100% Australian owned therefore they are not able to expand their business in the global market. Because of that, the growth of the organization has become very slow because Australian market is already saturated and many competitors are present in the limited area (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Strategic Issues of the Organization Operating a business in any segment will always have some issues regarding many aspects and Bulla Dairy is not any exception to that. Bulla Dairy also has lot of strategic issues in their organization that are hindering their business process that are discussed below. The first issue of the organization is the procurement of the raw materials from their supplier. The company is highly concerned with the quality of their product and they face several challenges to that. Different supplier provide different standard of products to the company and they have to evaluate the standards each time they procure their products (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2012). This type of operation in procurement involves wastage of time and affects the manufacturing process. Production becomes slow that directly affects the profitability of the organization. The second issue of the organization is the marketing of their products that is highly associated with the Australian sentiment. Due to the single direction of the marketing strategy, the company is unable to make business in the international market. Bulla Dairy also lacks to decide the target market in the global scenario. The third issue of the company is to create the competitive advantage as compared to their customer. The company is operating in a saturated market where many global brands are also competing therefore it is becoming difficult for them create a price advantage or process advantage (Cloutier, LeBaron Whittington, 2015). The forth strategic issue of the organization is the distribution system. The company has their own distribution system, which is not able to supply products in every corner of the country. Therefore, Bulla Dairy is depending on the third party logistics to make their product available. The company is unable to arrange the logistic plan because of area allocation problem. The fifth issue of the organization is the low productivity due to lack of capacity utilization. Due to the low productivity, the organization is losing the profitability as well as the market share, which is a threat to the business. Value Chain Analysis Figure 1: Value chain analysis of Bulla Dairy (Source: Siegel, 2015) Primary activity Value chain analysis of Bulla dairy is associated with the business performance of the organization at current situation that signifies the market situation also. The value chain analysis is mainly supported by two major activities. The first one is the primary activity and the second one is the support activity that determines the profitability of the organization. Support activity Support activity is the several operational and technical activities that the firm generally do to improve their performance. Infrastructure of the firm Bulla Dairy is one of the oldest organizations that is operating their business from last 100 years. Therefore, from longtime the company has built their infrastructure that is quite good in these days. The company has two factory for production and own logistics facility to distribute their product to the market (Petroni, Venturini Verbano, 2012). Human resource of the firm Three Australian families who are dedicated to their business own the Company. Apart from that, the company recruit good and young talent from the local market therefore they provide lot of support to the business in terms of operation as well as from the awareness. Bulla Dairy values their employees properly and they try to enhance the employee retention to enhance the profitability of the organization. Technology development Bulla dairy has developed their business through the proper implementation of technology. The company has enabled the boiler and other process to achieve the automation as much as possible to ensure the continuous production performance in any condition. Lot of effort has been putted to production line to enhance the manufacturing process (Jenkins et al., 2015). Procurement The Company is facing one issue with the raw material procurement, which is very serious now. The procurement process involves the standard monitoring process to maintain the quality, which incurs lot of time and slows the production process. Primary activity Primary activity of the organization is associated with the basic and mandatory activities for the business. The company never compromise with the product quality and they try to sustain their business through this. Some of the primary activity of the organization is facing some issues that which is evident in the value chain analysis. Inbound logistics Inbound logistics of the organization is associated with the issues like slow process due to quality check during the procurement process. Most of the raw materials are standardized so that lesser time is expected to take. Operations Every department of the company is working well because of the smooth process between the departments. The delay of the process only happens due to the procurement issue otherwise every department performs well (Starik, Kanashiro, 2013). Outbound logistics Outbound logistics are the part of the business. the company has several trucks for the outbound logistics and they found it difficult to supply every corner of the country. The company has taken an initiative to improve the distribution system by involving third party logistics. Marketing and sales Marketing and sale of the company is not up to the mark because they are not adopting the current trend of the market. The company is selling only with the Australian sentiment, which is inhibiting the growth in the global market (Hair et al., 2012). Services The local customers are getting the service through the direct store and through mall. The mobile van of the company also sells their product in different parts of Australia however; the company has little concern to provide benefit to the global customers. Due to huge competition in the market Bulla dairy is not able to increase the cost therefore the profit margin on every product is very low (Ayag, Samanlioglu Bykzkan, 2013). Analysis of the Organization Pestle PESTLE Analysis Political The political environment of the business in Australia is good therefore; the company is able to operate their business with a sustainable manner. The international market does not have the same stability. However, Bulla dairy has to choose those countries for their business where political stability is better (Glover et al., 2014). Economical The economic environment of business is moderate in Australia. The economy of the country is stable and improving in terms of gross domestic product. The incidence of recession has affected the country badly however Australia has a great tourism market that ensure the business for Bulla Dairy. Social Social and cultural aspect is highly motivating for the business because Australians are very cooperative and support good activities. The international market has the diversity though it will support the business of Bulla Dairy. Technological The company has implemented various modern technologies in their manufacturing unit to enhance the quality and productivity. The automated machine of boiling and mixing has increased the speed of the production line. The company is also trying to reduce the procurement time through better technology (Henderson, Cheney Weaver, 2015). Legal Bulla Dairy is operating their business in a sustainable manner, which has helped them to operate their business in a legal way. Environmental Environmental factor has lot of impact on the Dairy business that directly affects the milk production. Several diseases inhibit the milk production and company has to bare the loss. Bulla Dairy is operating several animal health activities to increase awareness among the farmers. The company is also emphasizing to reduce the carbon footprint in their production process. Figure 2: PESTLE analysis of Bulla Dairy to (Source: Created by author) SWOT SWOT analysis Strength Bulla Dairy is one of the most renowned companies in the dairy industry who are operating their business for long time. Huge product range has enabled to grab good number of market share. 100% Australian owned company is the positioning statement that has helped to attached with the emotion of every Australian to prefer their brand. The company has highly skilled work force that has enabled them to produce quality product (Buys et al., 2014). Technology implementation has reduced the labour cost. Company owned distribution and sales network is the advantage for business. Weakness The company is restricted within the Australian region therefore international market remains unexplored. The market has become very competitive where most of the international brands are presence to make profit. The brand portfolio of the company is low and they do not have any diversified product. Opportunity Huge global market remain unexplored that can be tapped easily to increase the business. Economic stability has helped to increase the income level in a constant manner that has increased the buyer purchasing capacity (McDonald et al., 2014). Threat Cattle disease is the biggest threat for the company, which will cut the milk supply. Increased cost of production is a threat to the market competition. Technological problem can also inhibit the business productivity. Figure 3: SWOT analysis of Bulla Dairy (Source: Created by author) Five Force Model Figure 4: Porter's five-force model analysis to understand the strategic issues of Bulla Dairy (Source: Siegel, 2015) Threat of new Entry The dairy market is highly saturated in Australia however global market provides lot of opportunity in this business. The threat of new entrant in the market is moderate in the domestic market due to low profit margin. The segment also requires lot of knowledge and technology advancement to produce good quality product. Therefore, it is not easy to compete in this segment, which restricts the flow of new entrants (Wilhelm et al., 2016). Buyer power Buyer power is high because many options are available to them. Many companies are providing the similar product with similar quality and similar price. Therefore, company ahs to ensure that their products are available in the market to restrict substitutions (Klerkx Nettle, 2013). Threat of substitution The dairy market has become saturated in Australia and many global and local companies are operating their business with similar products. To get the competitive advantage most of the companies reduce their price therefore threat of substitution is very high in the market. Supplier power The cattle farming is good business in Australia therefore many milk supplier is available in the market however standard is not equal. The quality supplier is less and they charge high price. The capacity of the supplier is also good therefore need of multiple suppliers is also less (Gollnow et al., 2014). Since there is less number of quality suppliers, therefore the company has less option that restricts supplier substitution. The power of supplier is very high in terms of quality. Competitive rivalry The number of competitors in the market is high therefore, company is not able to increase the price. In terms of quality, most of the companies are in the same position and customers understand that. Cost differentiation becomes difficult because of the competitive pricing and low profit. Analysis of the Strategic Issues VIRO Analysis VIRO analysis Value Bulla dairy manufacture products in their own factory, which always look for quality product and then supply through their own logistics to ensure availability that creates a high value for their products to their customers. Imitation The products are easily imitable and any other company can make similar products for their customers. Most of the popular flavors are copied by the competitors and produce similar effect in the market. Rare The range of products they produce is high and many rare products are available which is rarely available to the competitors. Organization All the factories of the company is in the same location and run by the same management. Therefore, uniformity is maintained in the organization. The sales and marketing is also operated under the same corporate office, which helped to reduce the strategic issues at the early stage. Figure 5: VIRO analysis of Bulla Dairy (Source: Grunert Traill, 2012) Recommendations Bulla dairy has to change their system of procurement to maintain the speed of production. Company can easily set a unit, which will be responsible to check the standard in the suppliers premises therefore the quality checking process will become faster. The marketing of the company should change the tag line to attract more number of global customers. The marketing should meet the local requirement whereas standard will remain according to the global standard. The company is not able to increase the productivity according to the industry standard. Apart from that, the cost of production is also high. The involvement of technology and increased productivity will help the company to increase the competitive advantage in the market. Bulla dairy should do the entire distribution through third party that will reduce the cost of transportation as well as few functional departments, which will enhance the productivity. The increased responsibility on each employee will help to utilize the resources properly to increase productivity. Conclusion Bulla Dairy is operating their business for long time in the market, which has developed many strategic issues within the organization. The overall analysis of the business is good and they operate in a stable environment and economy where competition is also high. Most of the time the company face the cost advantage problem whereas international brands are gaining profit. The company also has problem in their operational activity. The improvement in the procurement regarding quality check is very important. The process is becoming slower due to delay in quality checking. The report suggests finishing this process in the supplier premises that will save the time in the factory. The other issue of the company is the distribution that needs to be done through third party to gain the cost advantage over the competitors. The repost also emphasize on the business environment where buyers power is very high because of several competitors available in the market. In spite of several issues in the organization, Bulla Dairy is operating good business that can be improved in future. References Aya, Z., Samanlioglu, F., Bykzkan, G. (2013). A fuzzy QFD approach to determine supply chain management strategies in the dairy industry.Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,24(6), 1111-1122. Bulla, made with care and shared with love | Bulla Dairy Foods. (2016).Bulla.com.au. Retrieved 8 July 2016, from https://www.bulla.com.au/ Buys, L., Mengersen, K., Johnson, S., van Buuren, N., Chauvin, A. (2014). Creating a Sustainability Scorecard as a predictive tool for measuring the complex social, economic and environmental impacts of industries, a case study: Assessing the viability and sustainability of the dairy industry.Journal of environmental management,133, 184-192. Cloutier, C., LeBaron, C., Whittington, R. (2015). Objects of Attention: Material Artefacts and Strategic Issue-Sustaining over Time. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 14634). Academy of Management. David, F., David, F. R. (2016). Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Glover, J. L., Champion, D., Daniels, K. J., Dainty, A. J. D. (2014). An Institutional Theory perspective on sustainable practices across the dairy supply chain.International Journal of Production Economics,152, 102-111. Gollnow, S., Lundie, S., Moore, A. D., McLaren, J., van Buuren, N., Stahle, P., ... Rehl, T. (2014). Carbon footprint of milk production from dairy cows in Australia.International Dairy Journal,37(1), 31-38. Grunert, K. G., Traill, B. (2012).Products and process innovation in the food industry. Springer Science Business Media. Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Pieper, T. M., Ringle, C. M. (2012). The use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in strategic management research: a review of past practices and recommendations for future applications.Long range planning,45(5), 320-340. Henderson, A., Cheney, G., Weaver, C. K. (2015). The role of employee identification and organizational identity in strategic communication and organizational issues management about genetic modification.International Journal of Business Communication,52(1), 12-41. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. (2012).Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Jenkins, M., Ambrosini, V., Collier, N., Raynard, M., Johnson, G., Greenwood, R., ... Lockett, A. (2015). 1 Advanced Strategic Management: Strategy as Multiple Perspectives.Advanced Strategic Management: A Multi-Perspective Approach, 1. Klerkx, L., Nettle, R. (2013). Achievements and challenges of innovation co-production support initiatives in the Australian and Dutch dairy sectors: a comparative study.Food Policy,40, 74-89. McDonald, R., Macken-Walsh, ., Pierce, K., Horan, B. (2014). Farmers in a deregulated dairy regime: Insights from Ireland's New Entrants Scheme.Land Use Policy,41, 21-30. Petroni, G., Venturini, K., Verbano, C. (2012). Open innovation and new issues in RD organization and personnel management.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(1), 147-173. Siegel, D. (2015). Special Issue of Strategic Organization:Strategic Management Theory and Universities.Strategic Organization,1, 3. Starik, M., Kanashiro, P. (2013). Toward a theory of sustainability management: Uncovering and integrating the nearly obvious.Organization Environment, 13(3), 132-139. Wilhelm, M. M., Blome, C., Bhakoo, V., Paulraj, A. (2016). Sustainability in multi-tier supply chains: Understanding the double agency role of the first-tier supplier.Journal of Operations Management,41, 42-60.

Students Name; (232 words) Essay Example For Students

Students Name; (232 words) Essay Students Name;Professors Name:Course:Date RoboticsRobotics is one of the exciting innovation in disruptive technology. It matches with accomplished robots or robotics which have improvedintelligence, senses and dexterity. These robotics can do assignments whichwere earlier considered to be too expensive or difficult automating. Robotsare also used in industrial manufacturing such as, companies using robotsto create car components, electronic products, and medical devices. Also,in packaging and food preparation application. Society could profit in manyways when it comes to these innovations. Individuals have already begunmaking utilization of robotic surgical frameworks, nanorobotics and roboticprosthetics and many more. Certainly, robotics merits its position amongthe most disruptive innovation of the twenty first Century. Robots have a positive impact to the society in such a way that, theycan be sent by scientist to places where humans cannot go, for instance,bottom of ocean or deep space. A robot, by name Sojourner was sent byscientist to Mars to carry out an experiments. They also help human per formdifferent tasks such as medical service tasks, packaging tasks etc. Thenegative impact is that Industrial robots end up replacing human laborleaving most people jobless because they reduce the requirement of humanintervention in the processes that are automated. We will write a custom essay on Students Name; (232 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Links to Reliable Sources 1. https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/articles/opinion/robotics-heart-disruptive-technology 2. https://interlibnet.org/2016/11/17/disruptive-technology-robotics-and-artificial-intelligence/ 3. http://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-robotic-software-anyway/

Voyles V. the State of Texas Court Case Summary free essay sample

In 2000, the Arlington Police Department received information stating that Earnest Leon Voyles had exchanged emails that contained sexual content with a fifteen year old girl from London, England. According to this informant the fifteen year old girl, â€Å"Amy Chang†, had been solicited for sex by Voyles and had arranged to meet with her in London to engage in a sexual relationship. Sergeant James Crouch of the Arlington Police Department was unsuccessful in contacting â€Å"Amy Chang† to verify the arrangement but was not successful, however, he was successful in verifying that Voyles was working as a teacher at a junior high located in Arlington, Texas. Working with the information provided by the informant, Sergeant Crouch, sent an email to Voyles describing himself as a fifteen year old girl named â€Å"C. J. Best† on December 28, 2000. In this email â€Å"C. J. Best† told Voyless that she was looking for a new chat buddy and that she had gotten his address through some friends and that she lived in Forth Worth, Texas. We will write a custom essay sample on Voyles V. the State of Texas Court Case Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page About two and a half hours later Voyles responded to the email indicating that he was interested in being chat buddies with â€Å"C. J. Best. † On January 19, 2001, after several emails were exchanged between Voyles and â€Å"Best† Sergeant Crouch obtained search warrants for Voyles home and work computers where the Arlington Police Department found and â€Å"seized child pornography off the hard drives of each unit. Voyles was charged and indicted for possession of child pornography which is a third degree felony. In 2002, alleging that the evidence that the Arlington Police Department obtained from both his home and work computers was inadmissible claiming an unlawful search and seizure in violation of the First and Fourth Amendments to the United States Constitution and article I of the Texas Constitution, Voyles filed a motion to suppress. The Fourth Amendment and Article I of the Texas Constitution provides that a defendant has standing to challenge the admission of evidence obtained by an intrusion by the government or a private individual only if he had a legitimate expectation of privacy in the place invaded. Although the trial court granted Voyles’s motion to suppress all of the evidence from his home computer they denied his motion to suppress the evidence obtained on his work computer; stating that the evidence was admissible because Voyles â€Å"had no reasonable expectation of rivacy in his work computer. † Although Voyles stated that he took precautions to prevent others from accessing or viewing items on his work computer the State argued that he had no expectation of privacy because the computer was owned by the school district, was located in a public classroom that was designed not only for teaching students, but was designed to be available for use by substitute teachers. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has articulated several factors as relevant in determining if the defendant’s subjective expectation is recognized as objectively reasonable, most notably, â€Å"whether he had complete dominion or control and the right to exclude others† from the information on the computer and the use of the computer. As stated earlier, because the computer was owned by the Arlington School District, Voyles clearly did not have complete dominion or control over the computer or the files located on the hard drive of the computer. The court also brought up the fact that the computer was placed in the classroom by the school district for classroom laboratory work related purposes that allowed Voyles to teach his students about computers; not for Voyles’s personal or private use. Considering all of this information Voyles failed to establish a reasonable expectation of privacy regarding his work computer and the data stored in it. He could not contest the admission of the evidence seized from his work computer or the affidavit executed to support the search warrant that authorized the search of his school computer; a computer that despite not allowing someone else to use or even by placing a password on could still be used by students or substitute teachers through the assistance of the Information Technology Department.

Forgiveness Essays

Forgiveness Essays Forgiveness Essay Forgiveness Essay Forgiveness Author: Institution: Forgiveness : The issue of being treated unjustly reminds me of one occasion where I had to denounce my pride and embrace the aspect of forgiveness. Indeed, I moved through the states of forgiveness as identified by Enright and his colleagues. As such, I uncovered my anger and examined the unjust act and my feelings about it. I realized that revenge would not solve the situation but would alleviate it instead. I, therefore, decided to forgive since I was willing to turn my back on the unjust act and look forward to the future. My situation can be defined by Enright and Rique (2005), through what they term as discovery and release. Conversely, I have also been in a situation where I asked for forgiveness after committing an unjust act to my friend, Michael. At first, I did not realize the implications of action on him. Michael took it upon himself to confront me and express his feelings about the ordeal. At this point, I felt consumed by a guilt conscience and acknowledged the need to seek forgiveness from him. The process involved acknowledging that I had made a mistake, and offering an apology as the remedy. Even though reluctant, he accepted my apology. The minor fallout between Michael and I served to reinforce our friendship (Maltby, Day Barber, 2005). People are bound to have disagreements in the workplace. In such an environment, the staff is composed of people with different social, cultural, and religious views (Aquino, Grover Goldman, 2003). In case conflict arises from such differences, forgiveness serves as the proper means of restoring accord in the workplace. Through forgiveness, employees are able to understand how to relate with each other. It also serves to build employee relationship and trust. References Aquino, K., Grover, S. L., Goldman, B., Folger, R. (2003). When push doesn’t come to shove: Interpersonal forgiveness in workplace relationships. Journal of Management Inquiry, 12(3), 209-216. Enright, R., Rique, J. (2005). Enright Forgiveness Inventory: The Measurement tool of choice in forgiveness research. Retrieved from mindgarden.com/products/efins.htm Maltby, J., Day, L., Barber, L. (2005). Forgiveness and happiness. The differing contexts of forgiveness using the distinction between hedonic and eudaimonic happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6(1), 1-13. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-0924-9

The Impact of the Arab Spring on the Economy Term Paper

The Impact of the Arab Spring on the Economy - Term Paper Example The reasons that are attributable to the protests include rampant and endemic corruption by the ruling class and the suppression of the freedom of free speech in the countries. For instance, police brutality, extra-judicial imprisonment and limited political freedom due to dictatorial regimes were common in Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya. Demographic structural factors such as extreme poverty, a large number of uneducated youths and unemployment caused the violent protests in Tunisia. The rapid growth of the use of social networks and internet penetration in some countries allowed citizens to have new avenues of debate and arranging public demonstrations outside regime control. In some countries, interim military governments had to be established following the violent killings and ouster of the autocratic governments and subsequent instability. Some countries affected by the Arab Spring include Tunisia, Algeria, Jordan, Oman, Egypt, Yemen, Bahrain, Libya, Morocco, and Syria. According to the International Monetary Fund, the affected countries collectively incurred more than the US $ 56 billion in losses with about the US $ 35 being lost through inflation and rising business costs. The paper will discuss the impact of Arab spring in different economies (Anders 10). Protests against long-serving President Ben Ali were sparked by the acts of a young street vendor who set himself on fire due to continuous harassment by the police authorities. Though the President responded to the demonstrations through shutting down the internet, arresting the demonstrators, reshuffling his cabinet and promising more job creation, the protestors were eager to oust him out of office. Ben Ali was forced to flee the country to Saudi Arabia together with his close family.

Event Critiques Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Event Critiques - Article Example ng of the Light: Film as Medium and Metaphor done by a group of six American artists and In Transit: Between Image and Object by Dike Blair, Hugh Scott-Douglas and others. The venue was aptly decorated to capture an artistic mood as well the American heritage through wall paintings, choice of curtains, stage arrangement and arrangement of sits. Everyone was carried into the mood of the occasion by merely looking at the setting. The stage presentation of the various art works marked the events climax with their sophisticated stage coordination and presence. The themes of their works, Waterston depicting inequality and economic disparities in the society, artists behind the Dying of the Light portraying art and particularly film as symbolic work while In Transit exploring parallel between physical movement of art and visual information flow engaged the audience in a super awesome manner. Audience was actively invited artistically to think visually about the society, the impact of art w ork on our cultures and entertainment as well as politics. In my reaction therefore I conclude that the event was perfectly planned, timed and executed. It is an important event to our art industry as people come to meet artists exhibiting their works on live stage and therefore appreciate the potential of art in entertaining, educating and highlighting society’s inefficiencies. Such events promote peace as people meet, enjoy together and support the industry art together and as such should be encouraged at all costs. Security should also be heightened in venues of such events to bar ill motivated individuals from

Argumentative Essays (MEDIA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Role and Authenticity of Wikipedia - Essay Example As the paper outlines, the example of Wikipedia, an online information source, can be deemed as vital to understand the importance of media, especially in the field of research. It has been observed that Wikipedia is an internet-based encyclopedia that works on the principle of collaborative editing. The source provides information to internet users all over the world in different languages. Furthermore, analyses suggest that since its inception, this internet-based encyclopedia has been providing more than 30 million articles in over 200 distinct languages to its users all around the world. However, the authenticity, as well as the reliability of this source, has been under the scanner, especially on the grounds of authenticity (Clark, â€Å"Wikipedia: What Is It Good For?†). This thesis will, therefore, present an argumentative essay which will adopt both supportive as well as criticizing stand on the authenticity and the role of Wikipedia in supporting the modern day resear ch needs. The presence of online published sources is enhancing with every passing day in various fields including research; may be academic or business oriented. The ability of these sources to provide information about every topic and in distinct languages has gathered popularity from millions of users all around the globe. Concerning these features, the position of Wikipedia can be considered as exemplary which further places it among the successful internet sites used to gather adequate information regarding a vivid range of topics and aspects. However, the biggest threat for the source in its successful operation has been the increasing criticism it faces on the basis of authenticity and reliability of the information published in comparison to other academic and peer-reviewed sources. This is owing to the fact that this internet source renders due significance to collaborative editing by engaging its users which is again not restricted on the basis of any particular eligibilit y criteria. In simple words, anyone who has the desire to share their knowledge regarding any topic can use Wikipedia as a platform; not only to publish new information but also to edit the previously published data. Thus, the high possibility exists for the data, published in Wikipedia in an editable form, to be exaggerated. The source does not demand any sort of expertise from the editors or neither has it set any sort of criteria for the users to express their knowledge through the source. Owing to its principle of being open for editing, the information provided by the source is often considered to be unreliable and unauthentic. Besides, the source can also be criticized on the basis of the fact that some of the information edited or provided by the users involves maximum plagiarism, i.e. the information published by unauthorized editors are often copied and pasted from other sources which again increases the risks of infringement of intellectual rights held by the publishers of that information. Consequentially, the information cannot be considered authentic as well as a quality work to support a research process, especially in an academic field. The source is also criticized due to the fact that much false information is being embedded in most of the articles published through Wikipedia and similar sources in the absence of any rules.  

The Style Of Community Policing Criminology Essay

The Style Of Community Policing Criminology Essay Policing in England and Wales over the years has been increasingly challenging as it has been subjected to unprecedented levels of public scrutiny. Britain consists of many different areas and these areas are all homes too many different communities. Therefore, this essay shall explain how Community policing is a better style of policing for the community.    Before the Scarman report in 1981 there was a need to improve public confidence in policing as well as policing with community consent.   Ã‚  By the year 2008 all police forces in England and Wales had adapted a form of policing style, which was about tackling and fighting crime more intelligently.   This form of policing style is known as Community policing and consists of many factors such as Reassurance policing, Neighbourhood policing and Citizen Focused policing. Reassurance policing seeks to improve public confidence in policing as well as trust in the police. The Reassurance Policing Programme in England and Wales conducted between 2003/04 and 2004/05 provided evidence that suggested that Reassurance policing had a positive impact on crime, fear of crime and public confidence in the police.   In order to deliver Reassurance policing the Government introduced Community Support Officers to provide reassurance, to act as a vital support in the community and prevent and solve low-level crimes such as anti -social behaviour.   Community Support Officers act as a link between the police and the community to build trust, confidence and a relationship between the police and community.    Neighbourhood policing on the other hand is a model of Community policing and is centered on three concepts dedicated resources, intelligence led and joint action. An important aspect of Neighbourhood policing is dedicated resources theses are police officers who are locally developed, visible, accessible, knowledgeable to the area and locally known by the community who are able to enforce law and order effectively. One might suggest that the police are an organisation that is led by intelligence; they need intelligence which can only be gathered from the community to solve and prevent crime. This benefits the police as they are able to target crime hotspots and bring offenders to justice more importantly this benefits the community as crime is reduced as well as the fear of crime. Neighbourhood policing emphasises the importance of joint action which is action that is taken by the community, police and partners who include the local authority, Social Services, education establishmen ts, and many other partners who are to work together to resolve issues and concerns which have been addressed by the community.    Citizen focused policing can be best described as a cultural and operational change in the police but reflects the needs of the community in police decision-making and service.   Citizen focused policing helps improve community experiences with the police either being one to one or by telephone. One might argue that Community policing is delivered through Neighbourhood Policing Teams who are signed to specific beats. Neighbourhood Policing Teams consist of Inspectors, Sergeants, Police officers, Community Support Officers, Special Constables, partners and community volunteers.   Ã‚  Ã‚   As Community policing consists of Reassurance policing, Neighbourhood policing and Citizen focused policing. One could argue that Community policing is an effective and a better style of policing for the community as it helps build secure, confident, safe and cohesive communities. Along with this, Community policing is a proactive and preventative mode of operation, which benefits the community as crime is prevented than older approaches such as mobile patrol, emergency response and reactive criminal investigation.   Community policing stresses policing with and for the community rather than policing of the community. Community policing emphasis that the police are to visible, accessible, locally developed, locally known and should be dedicated to specific beats. As Community Surveys have showed that those police officers who were assigned to beat areas community attitudes were improved.   Community policing illustrates that it is in the interest of the police and the community t o control crime and disorder along with reducing the fear of crime. Community policing is a better style of policing for the community as it is focused upon community involvement and support as well as promotes community involvement in policing. For instance, the Handsworth Wood Neighbourhood Policing Team of the West Midlands Police have set up police surgeries as well as a Neighbourhood Watch Scheme to allow the community to actively get involved in policing.   Therefore, revenge from offenders is harder or less likely as it is hard to trace the informant as community policing promotes police officers to chat with all local residents.   Community policing identifies problems within the community and improves the quality of life of those residents who live within the community by solving these problems.  Community policing allows the community to raise concerns about issues that really matter to them and furthermore allows the community to make these concerns policing priorit ies. For example, each Neighbourhood Policing Team of the West Midlands Police has a dedicated website that lists out community priorities which the community has set.   Furthermore, an example of this was illustrated in a Newspaper article the Highgate community in Birmingham raised concerns to the police relating to drug dealing taking place. The West Midlands Police investigated and acted upon the information which led them to carry out street raids which resulted in several arrests and whereby three individuals were charged with possession of class A drugs.   Ã‚  The article further went on to say that local residents were happy to see that the police were taking action and dealing with their concerns.   Ã‚   One should not forget that Community policing helps build relationships between the community, police and partners as well as promotes them to work together to resolve issues and concerns.   An example of this was illustrated by the Cleveland Police Service, according to their statistics crime had fallen by 16% since the launched of Community policing in their force area.   Therefore, at the end of September 2009 there were 51,283 crimes committed across the force which is 9,814 fewer crimes than the previous 12 months.   Ã‚  Ã‚  One may argue that this is a perfect example of partnership working between all parties and achieving goals and aims. The community has benefited as there are 9,814 were not victims of crime.   The Government for the year 2008 09 provided a  £324 million pound fund for Neighbourhood Policing Teams in order to ensure that they were able to implement Community policing, the fund is 2.7% higher than 2007 08.   Ã‚  This may be an indication that Co mmunity policing is effective and better style of policing for the community.    Community policing is an effective style of policing as it stresses the importance of keeping the community informed of what exactly is being done in order to deal with their concerns.   Ã‚  To support Neighbourhood Policing Teams of the West Midlands Police have web pages that list out what is being done and has been done in order to deal with the issues and concerns of the community. Therefore, to one extent this provides direct accountability at a local level and enables the community to hold to account those who are responsible for reducing crime in their area.   However, this may conflict with existing policing infrastructures and systems for example representative accountability structures which lie with Police Authorities who are responsible for police services.   The question lies as Community policing involves the community, police and partners who is responsible for reducing crime and disorder and who is to be held account? Furthermore, Community policing helps distin guish the difference between those members of community who are prolific offenders and those residents who commit low-level crimes such as anti social behaviour. One should not forget that Community policing provides reassurance and helps to reduce the fear of crime as well as helps build trust and confidence between the community and the police.    Community policing emphasises the use of discretion by police officers rather than the use of arrests. One might suggest that the concept behind this is that the community may be more willing to allow the police to enforce law and order.   In other words, harsh punishments like arrests may have a negative impact. However, Community policing does not totally de-emphasises the use of arrests but should be used as a last resource, in some cases like the Newspaper article the use of arrests may have more of a good impact. Community policing to one extent does not reform society but supports and promotes restoring order.    Community policing has many benefits for the community but three main elements which are improved the environment, economy and social factors. The environment is improved as environmental issues can be dealt by other partners. The economy is benefited as local service providers are able to work together with the community, partners and police to resolve issues such as shop lifting or anti social behaviour. Social factors such as parks, playing areas, education establishments are improved.   The police also benefit from Community policing as there may be financial benefits as partners may contribute to costs to help tackle crime. For example, local businesses may pay for special services such as patrols in shopping centres in order to deal with anti social behaviour.    However, on one hand Community policing offers political benefits and little reality of police practice.   In other words, Community policing sounds and sells better in political terms to the community as it is community orientated. But in police practice Community policing may have little value although there is no evidence to suggest this. For instance, some police officers may have not been asked but have been told that they are part of Community policing. Furthermore, the Birmingham West and Central Local Policing Unit of the West Midlands Police consists of 11 Neighbourhood Policing Teams which in total has 149 Police Officers and 97 Police Community Support Officers.   The areas which the Birmingham West and Central Local Policing Unit covers as geographically big, residential and disadvantaged areas. This could be an indication that the police may not prefer Community policing and that they are not equipped to multitask in their role. Police Officers who may wish to progre ss their career may find it difficult as Community policing may be seen as a less useful attribute.   Ã‚  On the other hand, middle class communities may be more willing to work with the police than fractured and disadvantaged communities who may be unwilling to work with the police due to lack of trust and confidence.   Moreover, even those who wish to work closely with the police may be deterred because of intimidation from other residents.   The belief that a community exists may be a myth as communities are so diverse where does one start and where does one end.    Developments of Community policing has led the Government to develop guidance for Neighbourhood Policing Teams to engage with children and young people. The early Intervention and Prevention of Youth Crime and Anti Social Behaviour has been developed to allow the police tackle and prevent crime and anti social behaviour through prevention.   This benefits the community as children and young people who are the next generation are driven away from crime and anti- social behaviour, but instead are educated, helped and driven towards a goal to achieve in life.   Overall, Community policing is a better style of policing for the community as it a philosophy that allows the community to work together with the police and partners to solve problems, fear of crime, physical and social disorder.   Community policing helps define problems, shapes and forms priorities, examines and identifies problems as well as promotes community involvement and joint action. Community policing involves teamwork and commitment from all parties and requires a genuine partnership between the community, the police, local authority and other partners. To one extent Community policing controls crime but also meets the needs of the community.   Community policing provides a quality, efficient and a comprehensive police service that is customer focused and most of all, ensures that the police move away from a reacting policing approach but to a proactive approach where the concept is to prevent crime.   

Australia has a policy of indefinite detention for asylum seekers. Do you feel this is a breach of human rights? Why or why not? Essay

The human rights of people in immigration detention are of special concern to the Commission because the right to liberty is a fundamental human right recognised in major human rights instruments to which Australia is a party, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The human rights of vulnerable groups – including children, asylum seekers and refugees – are given special protection under international law. The conditions for and treatment of people in immigration detention should comply with Australia’s international human rights obligations. These are contained in a range of international treaties the Australian Government has voluntarily become a party of. Under the Migration Act 1958, it is mandatory for any non-citizen in Australia without a valid visa to be detained, whether they arrive on the mainland or on an ‘excised offshore place’. These people – called ‘unlawful non-citizens’ under the Migration Act – may only be released from immigration detention if they are granted a visa or removed from Australia. Any asylum seeker who has arrived in an ‘excised offshore place’ by boat from 13 August 2012 onwards is potentially liable to transfer to a third country for processing of their claim for protection. Some of these asylum seekers have been transferred to Nauru and Manus Island in Papua New Guinea where they are in immigration detention. A large number of people who arrived in Australia from 13 August 2012 onwards remain in immigration detention in Australia. Some have been released on bridging visas. There is a well-established link between prolonged indefinite detention and serious mental health issues. Uncertainty about their future, lack of independence and loss of control over their lives, the monotony of life in detention, concern about family members still living in dangerous situations overseas, the impacts of past torture and trauma and witnessing the negative impacts of detention on other detainees all contribute to the deterioration of mental health and wellbeing. Detainees may experience a range of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, cognitive problems, difficulties regulating their emotions, consistently behaving in a way that is not characteristic or normal, sleep-wake cycle reversal (suffering insomnia and an inability to sleep at night) and engaging in negative coping strategies such as self-harm. In serious cases, prolonged indefinite detention can lead to suicide. Alternatives to detention for asylum seekers are not only more humane than immigration detention, they have been found to be effective in managing risks to the community and far less costly than detention in closed facilities. Releasing asylum seekers from detention after they have passed initial health, identity and security checks, and allowing them to live in the community while their applications are processed, greatly reduces the human and financial costs of immigration detention while also ensuring that potential risks to the community to be managed effectively.

Men and Women in Society

Well obviously, men and women are different. In society however men and women play very different roles. Used to be, men were looked at as the dominant one in a relationship and society. Now a day women are becoming dominant in more ways than one. For example, in the job world, government, relationships, freedom, and sex are just some of the categories that women have risen in, in society. More women are in positions of power and authority.Even though, because of the past, men and women will never be treated the same, in society mostly men and women are treated fairly equal. There is little to no discrimination in the job field or the government against women in society. Men are still usually looked at as a higher class than women but that is just because of the past events that have happened in society. The world is becoming an all-around equal place. The history of women in the American labor force has been shaped by diverse cultural, legal, demographic, and ethno-racial influences .Like men, women in preindustrial America contributed to their household and community economies through paid and unpaid labor, but the material rewards of their labor were limited by cultural beliefs, social practices, and laws that subordinated women to men. Except by special legal arrangement, married women could not sign labor contracts, own property, or claim their own wages. Some women did work for wages, but those who did, even unmarried women and widows, clustered in lower-paying occupations and earned lower wages than men.Initially, these conditions were reproduced, and even accentuated, as the industrial economy developed. As families became more dependent on cash for survival, free women (as well as free men) increased their participation in the paid labor force. Especially numerous as seamstresses in the needle trades and in domestic work, women were also essential to the emerging factories. Other women worked as members of â€Å"family† production units (in shoem aking or retail shops, for example) and as homeworkers in textiles, shoes, or other products–patterns of work that still persist.Laws granting married women legal rights to their wages and to property became common only in the late nineteenth century. The growing identification of men as â€Å"breadwinners† and the rise of an urban middle class (with its status-conscious emphasis on the â€Å"lady of leisure†) further reinforced the tendency to view women as secondary wage-earners, regardless of their actual contributions to family survival. From the late nineteenth century onward, U. S. -born white women enjoyed steadily expanding access to nonagricultural and nonindustrial occupations. They increasingly found jobs as office clerks and secretaries and in retailing.Benefiting from expanded educational opportunities, white, middle-class women in the late nineteenth century entered the professions in growing numbers, initially as teachers, librarians, social worke rs, and nurses, and later in a variety of career paths, from firefighting and police work to the law, medicine, the ministry, higher education, and in the corporate world. Historically, patterns of participation in the paid labor force have varied dramatically by marital status as well as by ethnicity and nativity. â€Å"Until the 1930s, most wage-earning women were unmarried.As late as 1960, only one-third of married women were gainfully employed–a figure that obscures a common pattern of irregular yet continuing labor-force participation. Only in the late twentieth century did that pattern decisively shift. In 1997, 61. 3 percent of married women were in the labor force† (Boydston). Although only in the late twentieth century did most labor unions show an interest in organizing female workers, women in the paid labor force long constituted an aggressive force for reform. In the government of the U. S. women, such as Hilary Clinton, are just as strong and knowledgeabl e as men.Women have run for president, there has been a woman as secretary of state, as have many other women who have been incorporated into the government staff. Men have always been involved in the government. The obvious facts of this are all of the male presidents that have been in office, there has never been a female president, not to say that there never will be. There will be, one day, a women in office running the United States. â€Å"In the 1995 World Conference on Women, 189 governments committed to â€Å"ensure women’s equal access to and full participation in power structures and decision-making. To fulfill this strategic objective, governments also pledged to establish the goal of â€Å"gender balance in governmental bodies and committees as well as in public administrative entities and in the judiciary. † Six years later, not much has changed – women’s representation in politics remains dismally low. †(UNDP 2). â€Å"Today women a re only 13. 7 percent of parliaments worldwide according to data collected by the Inter-Parliamentary Union, a mere 0. 6 percent increase annually. In the Asia Pacific, women are 14. 2 percent of national parliaments† (UNDP 1).At this rate, it will take 75 years before women attain equal representation in national governments. At the local level, the situation is no different – women make up a small percentage of legislative councils and other local bodies in most countries in the world. Only Sweden, Denmark and Finland in Europe have reached a critical mass of 30 percent women in local governments, while South Africa and Trinidad and Tobago come close at 28 and 23 percent respectively. In the Asia Pacific, women’s representation in local governments has ranged from a low two percent to a high 30 percent (e. . India, Bangladesh and New Zealand)(UNDP 2-3). Even though women are told that they are equal in the government, according to the facts, they really are not . There are the obvious difference about men and women and sex, but men and women have different characteristics when it comes to sex. It probably won't surprise you to learn that researchers have found that men tend to initiate sex more frequently than do women. Researchers have also found that men tend to be more â€Å"goal oriented,† to consider the act of sex, especially orgasm, to be what love making is all about.Women, in contrast, tend to focus more on tenderness and the quality of their emotional relationship. Keep in mind that generalizations about human behavior, although true in the abstract, do not apply to individuals. Most men and women apparently have different emphases on sexual intercourse and emotional relationships, but any particular individual may vary from this tendency. A particular man, for example, may be more oriented toward intimacy, a particular woman toward having sex. Generalizations, then, can lead to stereotypes that paint everyone with the sam e broad brushstroke, causing us to overlook individual differences.One of the ways our culture inhibits women's sexuality is through stereotypes. A sexually promiscuous man is often looked up to by his friends. He is seen as a success in sexual matters, a conqueror, a sexual victor. In contrast, a woman who has many sexual partners is not as likely to be viewed in the same way. Questions are likely to be raised about why she is â€Å"like that. † People may refer to her by negative terms, such as whore. Although this double standard of stereotypes is easing, it persists. When it comes to virginity men and women typically re viewed different. Women expressed more positive feelings about their decision, and they were more apt to say they were proud or satisfied with their virginity. Men, in contrast, were more apt to say they felt embarrassed or even guilty about their virginity. The reason for this difference in attitude about virginity is likely due to gender roles, to differ ences about what is expected of men and women. There appears to be a general idea that if a woman is a virgin, she is one by choice, but if a man is a virgin, he has problems of some sort.It seems that a woman can wait for the right person, or for marriage, but a man ought to be seeking sex–and the more sex he has, the manlier he is. In short, being a virgin may challenge a man's masculinity, but not a woman's femininity. In relationships between men and women some say that men and women can just be friends. They way men chose their friends is not just my the female’s personality. A man choses his female friends by how attracted he is to them. Even if it is just a small attraction, its still there. A man isn’t going to initiate friendship with someone he deems â€Å"ugly†, or â€Å"unattractive†.The same goes for women. So, in essence men and women cannot just be friends. There is always something more there to tempt either the man or the women, wh ether he/she is in another relationship or not, to have some kind of whether it be physical or emotional connection with that â€Å"friend†. When polled, 58% said yes , and 42% said no men and women cannot just be friends ( Friends). So really there are no definite answers to this question. Throughout history, women's rights have been the subject of much debate and controversy.The concept of a woman's ‘right' can take a variety of forms including voting, reproductive control, equality in the workplace and service in the military. In most societies the women's movement has faced opposition and equality has been hard won. Equal rights campaigners have championed the movement with the goal of establishing fair and comparable treatment for women under law. â€Å"Evidence dating from around 8500 B. C suggests that in Ancient Egyptian society's work was divided along gender lines with the women assuming agricultural duties and the men taking on the role of hunter/gathererâ⠂¬  (sampson).Progress has been made over the decades, but there is still debate over some aspects of women's rights and the extent to which they have effectively redressed the prior imbalance. In a 2009 report published by the Department of Labor, it is stated that on average women earn approximately 80 percent of the salary a man is paid for the same job. Whilst this is an improvement from 30 years before, when a woman earned 62 percent of a man's salary, it does still not represent full parity.Reproductive rights are also a contested issue with opinions divided on whether abortion should remain legal. †In a 2009 poll by CBS news, 23 percent of respondents believed abortion should be illegal versus 34 percent fully supportive of abortion without constraint, and 40 percent in favor of keeping the practice legal but with stricter controls† (Sampson). Even though women have rose in society there is always that barrier that was created long ago restricting some peopleâ₠¬â„¢s views of women’s’ freedom and power in society. Men and women also tend to handle different situations differently.Perhaps if something breaks, the woman is more apt to be calm about the situation when the man is more apt to have a complete melt down about the situation. When an argument happens and the man is wrong he backs down, when a woman is wrong she back tracks her point and somehow proves the man wrong, or so he thinks. When women are right they don’t boast or â€Å"rub it in† so to speak. When men are right they are the first ones to say â€Å"I told you so†. Are women naturally more risk-averse or less inclined to enter a competitive situation? Or are they trained to be that way?Why women and men might have different preferences or risk attitudes has been discussed but not tested by economists. Broadly speaking, those differences may be due to nurture, nature, or some combination of the two. For instance, boys are pushed to take ris ks and act competitively when participating in sports, and girls are often encouraged to remain cautious. Thus, the choices made by men could be due to the nurturing received from parents or peers. Similarly, the disinclination of women to take risks or act competitively could be the result of parental or peer pressure not to do so. Educational psychologists argue that the gendered aspect of individuals' behaviour is brought into play by the gender of others with whom they interact, and that there may be more pressure for girls to maintain their gender identity in schools where boys are present than for boys when girls are present. In a coeducational environment, girls are more explicitly confronted with adolescent subculture (such as personal attractiveness to members of the opposite sex) than they are in a single-sex environment. This may lead them to conform to society's expectations of how girls should behave to avoid social rejection. †( Booth).If competitive behaviour or risk avoidance is viewed as being a part of female gender identity, while risk-seeking is a part of male gender identity, then a coeducational school environment might lead girls to make less competitive and risky choices than boys. It is hypothesized that hypothesized that woman and men may differ in their propensity to choose a risky outcome for several reasons – innate references or because their innate preferences are modified by pressure to conform to gender-stereotypes. Single-sex environments are likely to modify students' risk-taking preferences in economically important ways.Our specific conjectures were that girls from single-sex schools are less risk averse than girls from coed schools, and that girls in same-gender groups are less risk averse than girls in coed groups. It has been conjectured that girls in same-gender environments (single-sex schooling or same-gender experimental groups) are no less risk-averse than boys. Naturally it is assumed that women are le ss risky than boys this is because the women always feels like she has to be the protector and if she is taking risks she is not able to protect the ones taking risks.

Interior Design essays

Interior Design essays In their article, Interior design education within a human ecological framework, Kaup, Anderson and Honey (2007) argue for an interdisciplinary model of interior design education that would incorporate the study of human ecology. Kaup, Anderson and Honey contend that such an approach would enhance the overall skill set of interior designers, allowing them to provide a greater benefit to businesses, homeowners and communities, while also addressing some of the perceived training gaps in current interior design education. While Kaup, Anderson and Honey (2007) structure their article as an argumentative essay, they rely heavily on a literature-review format to help cement their points. To begin their argument, Kaup, Anderson and Honey define human ecology as the study of human beings, their environments and human-environment interactions from a holistic perspective (p. 45). Human ecology incorporates the science of human behavior study with the art of creating functional design to enhance how humans thrive in their environments. In short, the authors argue that students who study human ecology as part of their interior design curriculum will be exposed to such diverse fields as anthropology, archeology, architecture, biology, demography and more (p. 46). This would provide a more complete education than most interior design students are currently receiving at U.S. colleges, Kaup, Anderson and Honey contend. According to Kaup, Anderson and Honey (2007), state licensing of interior designers has been increasing steadily since the 1960s, and the Council for Interior Design Accreditation has established minimum standards that accredited colleges must adhere to in the construct and delivery of their programs. Those standards, however, leave colleges a fair degree of latitude in deciding which disciplines to align their programs with. For example, some colleges emphasize the artistic element of interior design, ...

Matilda essays

Matilda essays The Desert Storm In No Worries everyday Matilda would go to school, however many of her friends families were going bust and having to move. All the children were showing a sign of resistance, they did not want to go and left emotionally upset. In the book No Worries, there was a cash flow problem that slowly lead to going bust and Matildas parents just had one place to look, Uncle Kev and his taxis IN THE CITY. In the movie there was also a cash flow problem which was caused by the wool buyers purchasing for less. The Bells knew living would be harsh but thought they would make it through until... Once day when Matilda and her dad were feeding the sheep a giant sandstorm arose and annihilated all the defenceless sheep. The Bells survived but you could tell by the look in their faces there was only the city to turn to The play uses people to behave like sheep. This is not very effective as it does not tell the sheeps colour, body size or body shape. The movie uses real sheep which when you analyse can see the colour of the sheep, its size and its shape. Singers are used to tell words that show heat and death but a picture is worth a thousand words. The movie shows a heat haze, which gives a brilliant colour, that no words can describe, as words cannot make a flash before your eyes. You can also see in the dead trees that show death themselves, a few scavenging crows. That meant that there were lots of dead sheep around that was up for grabs. An actor had to pretend to be another object while performing in the play. It was not realistic, as there were no frequency sounds and no amplifier. In the play the radio actor had to just say something like; Listen, driver, that little girl of yours? Give me a description and Ill give it out to all the other cab drivers in the city. In the movie there was a real radio with all the sounds and the sounds on the radio w ...

Personal Finance Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Finance Concepts - Essay Example The most important asset classes are stocks, bonds, and cash. Because these investments perform differently depending on economic conditions, a good balance can keep a portfolio strong in a wide range of economic situations. In this sense, asset allocation may be the most important form of diversification. As my goal is to accumulate funds for retirement, growth of investments is of high importance and the time horizon is long, I may take on more risk by investing more in stocks with potential for higher returns. NBC Capital Corp. is a holding company for subsidiaries providing a range of financial services, including banking, trust services, mortgage services, insurance and investment products in east Mississippi and Tuscaloosa, AL. As of Mar. 31, 2004, total assets were $1.1 billion, total deposits were $832 million and stockholders' equity was $114 million. There are three basic types of bond funds: treasury bond funds, municipal bond funds, and corporate bond funds. The returns of these bond funds differ according to the amount of risk inherent in each fund. Treasury Bonds - have a maturity exceeding 10 years and the Treasury issued them in denominations ranging from $1,000 to $1 million. The U.S. Treasury no longer issues Treasury Bonds, however you can still buy them on the secondary market. Many corporations issue (or float) bonds to borrow money for operations. Bonds are typically issued at $1,000 par. Par is another word for "face amount." Long-term bonds have maturities of 10 to 40 years. They generally pay interest semi-annually. Many bonds may be recalled prior to maturity by the issuer. Municipal bonds (nicknamed munis) are bonds issued by

TMA06 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TMA06 - Essay Example It is therefore worthwhile analysing the factors that influenced the behaviour of New Imperialism practiced by the European powers to start with, subsequently followed by the nations of Japan and USA. In particular, we examine the events in Europe and especially Germany during this time and try to find out how it influenced the New Imperialism practice as a whole (Loftus, 2007). To understand the formation of the colonial policy under the German Chancellor of the time, Otto von Bismarck, it is important to consider the situation prevalent then, in terms of the political conditions. Germany as a nation as we know has existed only since 1871, after its formation following many battles and wars, which Bismarck was greatly responsible for. Therefore, as the newest nation of Europe, Bismarck wanted Germany to become powerful and influential. Since the years of 1871, he was mainly responsible for Germany’s passive colonial policy. He rather chose to concentrate his efforts on strengthening the nation and building its industry and economy. This policy continued into the 1880s during which there was a surprising change by Bismarck towards active colonial control for the territories of Africa (Berghahn, 1994). It is also important to understand the political setup of Germany at the time. The country had a parliament called the Reichstag; however the Emperor had the power to veto any decision. The Chancellor was usually the person who has involved with the day to day activities of the parliament. Until the late 1890s Bismarck’s command was unquestioned in the parliament. In order to make decisions, apart from convincing the members of the parliament, he had great power. However, when in 1887, the Emperor Frederick died, his son Wilhelm II became the Emperor (Loftus, 2007). With Wilhelm II’s accession to power, Bismarck faced more opposition from him regarding Germany’s domestic

The Obama Administrations approach to the Democratic Revolution in Research Paper

The Obama Administrations approach to the Democratic Revolution in Egypt - Research Paper Example Albeit most historical literatures are inclined to cut the genocide and bondage that is attributed to the European series of invasion that comprises the North American continent, hardly any have any delusions regarding the real motives of Rome, Great Britain, Spain and other nations regal escapades. Correspondingly, when prospective learners of history study about the assignment that the US government has undertaken to proliferate democracy at the tail-end of the 21st century, they will likewise realize its real motivations way better than the thinkers and political analysts who oftentimes being seen on television nowadays. Not so long ago, a chaotic military and political demonstration took place in Egypt that desires the downfall of Mubarak from power. â€Å"Security forces and military police, swinging batons, firing birdshot and driving armoured personnel carriers, stormed the square late Sunday afternoon, chasing out protesters and burning tents.† (Fleishman & Hassan, â€Å"Frustrated Egyptians Come Out in Force†). The latest democratic revolution in Egypt delivers numerous visions into the margin between the United States governments apparent and genuine dedications to democracy in the continental regions of North Africa and in the Western Asia. â€Å"An alternative interpretation of Washington’s response to the Egyptian revolution, however, suggests that US officials have no desire to see democracy establish itself in the North Africa or West Asia, their public pronouncements---repeated endlessly by the major news media---notwithstanding.† (Napoletano, â€Å"The Egyp tian Revolution and Democracy†). Concurring to the most accurate versions of the media, the Obama Administrations interest for the democratic revolution was strengthened by its craving for stability and constancy in these regions. Particularly, some United States officials, concurring to this outlining of the revolutionary end, desired to

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example for Free

Teenage Pregnancy Essay In years past teen pregnancy created problems in several countries. However in the United States among teenagers, teen pregnancy rose, but there was no help from programs like the National Geographic’s channel, and Teen Mom that aired on MTV. Individuals saw a version of what might have been with cameras rolling, however if the cameras are not rolling then life takes on a different meaning. When someone is not paying for your chance at fame out in the world and your problems are exposed on television all you would have to turn to are yourself and your newborn baby. Anonymous. Issues in science and Technology, Jan 1, 2005, Vol .21, No 3 (Spring 2005), P 65-70 Retrieved April 7, 2013, from ProQuest database. This article represented the work of Sarah S. Brown and what she has done with the campaign for preventing teen Pregnancy the article was well done and depicted lots of information about Sarah work. Sarah represents the director of National Campaign for Teenage Pregnancy. The article gives an explanation of why teenagers should refrain from having sex, and it’s the best way of preventing pregnancy between teenagers. This article shows that it was peered reviewed. Malcolm, D Targeting teenage single mothers. The Lancet, Vol. 342, No. 8877 (October 16, 1993), p. 978. Retrieved April 7, 2013, from the ProQuest Database. The article was very interesting, and described that there was 45,000 single teenaged mothers in the United Kingdom in 1993, which is a growing concern for teenagers around the world and not just the United Kingdom. In th e United States the article stated that President Clinton will face challenges pertaining to women’s Health. The article also presented lots of information pertaining to the United States and the United Kingdom. This article was also peered reviewed.

Talking to Ghosts :: Personal Narrative Psychology Essays

Talking to Ghosts During my research, I was reminded of an incident in my psychology class that led me to write about this topic. It was a Friday and I walked into my psychology class thinking we were going to prepare for our upcoming class, but I was all wrong. My professor walked in and claimed he had ESP, which is extrasensory perception. He said that he could read people’s minds and know what we were thinking. My teacher asked us to write anything simple on a piece of paper and fold the paper in half. My classmates wrote a message on the paper and handed the papers to him. One by one he read them and had most of my classmates, including me believing he could do that. To my surprise, what he said was completely false and he went on to say how there is no such thing as ESP and psychics because there were not any tests to prove that there were. By this time I was upset because I couldn’t argue my point and I knew other wise to his theory of there are no psychics and no ESP. If psychics were false and ESP was false than what could be said about a renowned psychic, Sylvia Browne and one of my best friends, who as of right now will be known as â€Å"Bob†. My friend â€Å"Bob† and I have known each other for a year now. I never truly found out about her special gift till we started talking and realized that we were exactly alike. See my friend told me that she can talk to ghosts and spirits. She has instances where she is not herself, but someone else from a different time and a different place. She, my friend, trusted me and knew I wouldn’t treat her like a crazy person who needed psychiatric help. Before I get to her story, I should probably explain the difference between ghosts and spirits and to do that I went to books I own by Sylvia Brown. In Sylvia’s book The Other Side and Back ghosts were explained as people who do not realize they are dead. Ghosts are earthbound because they either committed suicide, have regrets of their mistakes they made, feel the need to stay behind for loved ones or they just died so quickly that they have not realized the truth.

7-Eleven Casestudy

INTRODUCTION The ability to respond quickly to the ever-changing marketplace is paramount to the success of most businesses. The convenience-store industry is a highly competitive one and 7-Eleven’s ability to become a leader market leader appears to be based on the company’s ability to quickly respond to the rapidly changing tastes and needs of the market. 7-Eleven has not always enjoyed success, especially in the 1980s when things got really bad for the company. Helped, however, arrived in the form of Ito-Yokado (the company’s Japanese Licensee).Ito-Yokado revamped the entire retailing approach of the company by introducing an innovative approach to retailing which, along with the aid of technologically advanced systems, significantly impacted 7-Eleven’s success. ANALYSIS Ito-Yokado’s innovative approach to retailing is known as â€Å"tanpin kanri† or â€Å"item-by-item management†, a business approach that revolves around the follow ing: 1. Carefully tracking and paying attention to the fine details of the buying preferences of customers 2. Allowing the customers tastes and shopping habits to dictate the products that are carried in 7-eleven stores. -Eleven has been able to simplify the process of tracking and paying very close attention to the shopping habits of their shoppers by using the information systems installed in all of their stores. USING TECHNOLOGY TO IMPACT SUPPLY CHAIN VISIBILITY, VARIABILITY AND UNCERTAINTY Technology plays a vital role in 7-Eleven’s supply chain. The company’s state-of-the-art information systems appear to have reduced the company’s supply chain risks by increasing visibility, while reducing variability and uncertainty. Supply Chain Visibility Supply Chain visibility is the ability to access relevant supply chain information.Thanks to cutting-edge technology, like the Mobile Operations terminal or MOT, 7-Eleven knows the exact amount of individual items that are sold in each of its 5,800 North American stores on a daily basis. Another technology: the MC3000 handheld scanner lets the company collect data on items as they come off delivery trucks- increasing the company’s visibility on a real-time basis. 7-Eleven’s supply chain visibility has been greatly impacted by technology as it allows the company to better predict, with great accuracy, the number of individual SKUs that each store will sell. Supply Chain VariabilitySupply chain variability involves volatility in the flow of goods and services in a supply chain. By having the right systems in place, 7-Eleven’s supply chain variability appears to have significantly decreased. The MOT system at 7-Eleven, for example, allows stores to better forecast the number of individual SKUs, resulting in decreased storage and spoilage costs; and the elimination of potential bullwhip or snowball effects. MOT has also slashed the amount of time and labour that it takes to count inventory and to order new products, causing an improvement in company efficiency and a decrease in variability.Supply chain uncertainty Supply chain uncertainty occurs when decision makers do not know what to base their decisions on (due to a lack of proper information). 7-Eleven store managers used to color code information manually physically keep track of frozen sandwiches by their written expiration dates and would sometimes make sandwiches on the premise when instructed by corporate management. Information systems now allow stores to accurately forecast the number of stock/items that need to be replenished, resulting in significantly reduced uncertainty. THE BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY AT 7-ELEVENTechnology has played a crucial role in increasing 7-Elevens profitability and market share. The hundreds of millions of dollars that the company has invested in technology in the past decade appear to be paying dividends in the following ways: †¢Increased profitability: Last year, t he store reported $12. 2 billion in revenues †¢Increased share prices: Company stocks have soared above $30, since trading for less than $6 in early 2003. †¢Consecutive sales increases: The company boasts 35 consecutive quarters of same-store sales increases Technology plays a crucial role in the gathering, analyzing and distribution of information at 7-eleven.While other convenience stores chains have just gotten around to POS scanning, 7-Eleven has item-by-item information gathering systems that assist in day-to-day decision making. 7-Eleven’s retail information system or RIS provides timely sales data that enables stores to tailor their product assortments to meet the demands of their customers, reducing the risks involved in introducing new products ( due to the availability of sales data within 24 hours of a product’s introduction). The 7-exchange data system for category management, which suppliers access online, provides insights that can lead to new p roducts or product packaging.The information on this system can even alert suppliers to a potential or missed opportunity. 7-Eleven’s has opened its doors to small suppliers through its Web Vendor terminal. Suppliers who cannot afford EDI use this to communicate with the company and accept orders for very specific items like ethnic items or the self-serve espresso in a Manhattan store 7-ELEVEN’S BUSINESS STRATEGY The driving force behind 7-Eleven’s success appears to be the company’s ability to execute a Customer Intimacy strategy.Customer intimacy involves targeting specific market segments, then tailoring offerings that meet the demands of these segments. Companies that excel at this are known to: 1. combine detailed customer knowledge with operational flexibility (so they can respond quickly to fulfil the needs of their customers) 2. Continuously tailor and shape their products and services (in order to fit their customers). According to Keith Morrows, 7-Eleven’s CIO and VP of information systems, â€Å"decisions about what should be in the store are best made at the store, at the moment of truth, by people in the store, on a real-time basis†.This allows the company to shape their stores around the customer’s day-to-day habits, instead of basing company decisions on focus groups, marketing research or non-scientific guesses. Pursuing a Customer Intimacy strategy can be expensive: 7-Eleven spent $93 million on technology as the company installed new HP servers, wireless LAN, computer-based training software and new ordering system for fresh foods. Customer intimate companies, however, are willing to spend in order to build long-term customer loyalty that provides lifetime value to the company.